3.3 杆塔接地电阻的影响
为了分析杆塔接地电阻对变电站电气设备的雷电过电压水平的影响,在仿真时杆塔接地电阻范围为5~30 Ω,雷击点位于第1基杆塔,得到不同接地电阻下电气设备最大过电压随接地电阻变化的趋势如图5所示。由图5可见,在接地电阻为5 Ω,变压器最大过电压为1 663 kV;在接地电阻为30 Ω,变压器最大过电压为1 719 kV;随着杆塔接地电阻增大,设备最大过电压值增大。雷击地线正常架设和绝缘架设下设备最大过电压随接地电阻变化规律相似。因此,接地电阻的减小将会导致变电站设备最大过电压减小。尽量减小变电站附近杆塔的接地电阻,对限制过电压水平和节约成本有重大的意义。
表 3 地线绝缘架设情况下雷击杆塔电气设备最大过电压
Table 3 Largest overvoltage of electrical equipment for tower struck by lightning in way of insulated ground wire
图 5 电气设备最大过电压随接地电阻变化的趋势图
Fig. 5 Largest overvoltage of electrical equipment with grounding resistance
4 结论
本文利用ATP-EMTP 软件建立500 kV变电站雷电过电压分析模型,研究了融冰绝缘地线架设对500 kV变电站雷电过电压的影响,总结雷击点位置、避雷器配置方案和杆塔接地电阻对变电站设备雷电过电压的影响规律,得出如下结论。
(1)雷击变电站附近杆塔,地线正常架设和绝缘架设2种情况下变电站设备最大过电压差别很小,融冰绝缘地线架设对500 kV变电站雷电过电压的影响很小。
(2)随着雷击点远离变电站,地线正常架设和绝缘架设2种情况下变电站最大过电压都减少,且变化规律相似。
(3)母线架设避雷器后,变压器最大过电压下降到安全裕度以内,同时对其他变电站设备也起到了保护作用。
(4)变电站附近杆塔接地电阻对变电站设备最大过电压影响较大。减小杆塔接地电阻,对限制变电站设备过电压水平有着重要的作用。
融冰绝缘地线采用120 mm的长间隙,对500 kV变电站设备最大过电压影响很小,可在地线直流融冰工程中推广应用。
作者:
马御棠 , 马仪 , 曹晓斌 , 黄然 , 陈奎 , 周仿荣
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